How Modify French Nouns With Adjectives (Adjectifs)

An adjective is a word that modifies a noun by describing it in some way: shape, color, size, nationality, etc. Differences Between French and English Adjectives French adjectives are very different from English adjectives in two ways: French adjectives change to agree in gender and number with the nouns that they modify, which means there can be up to four forms of each adjective:   Adjective: pretty joli Masculine singular joli Feminine singular jolie Masculine plural jolis Feminine plural jolies In English, adjectives are always found in front of the noun, but most French adjectives follow the noun they modify:​ green book un livre vert smart teacher un professeur intelligent But there are some French adjectives that precede the noun: handsome boy un beau garon small glass un petit verre Agreement of Regular French Adjectives (Accord des adjectifs rà ©guliers) French adjectives change to agree in gender and number with the nouns that they modify, which means there can be up to four forms of each adjective. The different forms for adjectives depend mostly on the final letter(s) of the default form of the adjective, which is the masculine singular. Most French adjectives add E for feminine and S for plural. This rule applies to adjectives that end in most consonants as well as all vowels except the unaccented E. It also includes all regular and most irregular  present participles  and  past participles: Adjective: green vert Masculine singular vert Feminine singular verte Masculine plural verts Feminine plural vertes Adjective: blue bleu Masculine singular bleu Feminine singular bleue Masculine plural bleus Feminine plural bleues Adjective: funny amusant Masculine singular amusant Feminine singular amusante Masculine plural amusants Feminine plural amusantes Adjective: spicy pic Masculine singular pic Feminine singular pice Masculine plural pics Feminine plural pices When the masculine singular adjective ends in an unaccented E, there is no difference between the masculine and  feminine forms: Adjective: red rouge Masculine singular rouge Feminine singular rouge Masculine plural rouges Feminine plural rouges When the default form of the adjective ends in S or X, there is no difference between the masculine singular and  plural forms: Adjective: grey gris Masculine singular gris Feminine singular grise Masculine plural gris Feminine plural grises While most French adjectives fit into one of the above categories, there are still quite a few that have irregular feminine and/or plural forms. Note:  These rules are the same for  making nouns feminine and plural. Agreement of Irregular French Adjectives Most French adjectives are regular, but there are a number of irregular adjectives, based on the final letter(s) of the masculine singular adjective. Adjectives that end in a vowel plus L or N usually become feminine by doubling the consonant before adding E. Ending: el elle Adjective: personal personnel Masculine singular personnel Feminine singular personnelle Masculine plural personnels Feminine plural personnelles Ending: on onne Adjective: good bon Masculine singular bon Feminine singular bonne Masculine plural bons Feminine plural bonnes Adjectives that end in  er  or  et  need a  grave accent: Ending: er re Adjective: expensive cher Masculine singular cher Feminine singular chre Masculine plural chers Feminine plural chres Ending: et te Adjective: full complet Masculine singular complet Feminine singular complte Masculine plural complets Feminine plural compltes Other final letters lead to very irregular feminine endings: Ending: c che Adjective: white blanc Masculine singular blanc Feminine singular blanche Masculine plural blancs Feminine plural blanches Ending: eur euse Adjective: flattering flatteur Masculine singular flatteur Feminine singular flatteuse Masculine plural flatteurs Feminine plural flatteuses Ending: eux euse Adjective: happy heureux Masculine singular heureux Feminine singular heureuse Masculine plural heureux Feminine plural heureuses Ending: f ve Adjective: new neuf Masculine singular neuf Feminine singular neuve Masculine plural neufs Feminine plural neuves Irregular plurals: The ending  al  changes to  aux  in the plural: Adjective: ideal idal Masculine singular idal Feminine singular idale Masculine plural idaux Feminine plural idales Note: Most of the above rules are the same for  making nouns feminine and plural. Irregular French adjectives There are several French adjectives which have irregular feminine and plural forms, as well as a  special form  when they are placed in front of a masculine noun that begins with a vowel or a  mute H: a handsome man un bel homme an old friend un vieil ami Adjective Singular masc vowel/H Singular fem Plural masc Plural fem beautiful beau bel belle beaux belles new nouveau nouvel nouvelle nouveaux nouvelles crazy fou fol folle fous folles soft mou mol molle mous molles old vieux vieil vieille vieux vieilles Position of French Adjectives In English, adjectives virtually always precede the nouns they modify: a blue car, a big house. In French, adjectives may be placed before or after the noun, depending on their type and meaning. This concept can be aggravating for French learners, but with patience and practice youll be able to describe any object like a natural. The following explanations should cover about 95% of adjectives, but, alas, there are always some exceptions. Placement After the Noun Most  descriptive adjectives  are placed after the noun they modify. These normally have an analytical meaning, in that they classify the noun into a certain category. These types of adjectives include shape,  color, taste,  nationality, religion, social class, and other adjectives that describe things like  personality  and  mood. round table une table ronde black book un livre noir sweet tea du th sucr American woman une femme amricaine Catholic church une glise catholique middle-class family une famille bourgeoise In addition,  present participles  and  past participles  used as adjectives are always placed after the noun. interesting story une histoire intressante lively debate un dbat passionn      Placement Before the Noun Certain adjectives are placed before the noun, some which you can memorize with the acronym BAGS: B Beauty A Age G Good and bad S Size (except for grande with people, see below) These descriptors—and a few others—are considered inherent qualities of the noun: pretty girl une jolie fille young man un jeune homme new house une nouvelle maison good child un bon enfant small problem un petit problme sincere condolences les sincres condolances vague promises les vagues promesses kind boy un gentil garon In addition, all non-descriptive (i.e.  demonstrative,  indefinite,  interrogative,  negative, and  possessive) adjectives are placed before the noun: these books ces livres each person chaque personne which pen? quel stylo ? no woman aucune femme my child mon enfant Placement Depends on Meaning Some adjectives have both a figurative and an analytic (literal) sense and can thus be placed on either side of the noun. When the adjective is figurative, it goes before the noun, and when its analytic, it goes after the noun. Figurative: my green (fruitful) years mes vertes annes Literal: green vegetables des lgumes verts Figurative: a great man un grand homme Literal: a tall man un homme grand Figurative: a sad (mean or bad) person un triste individu Literal: a sad (crying) person un individu triste Figurative: my old (former) school mon ancienne cole Literal: my old (aged) school mon cole ancienne Figurative: a certain (type of) look un certain regard Literal: a certain (assured) victory une victoire certaine

As We All Know When Traveling To Another Country It Is

As we all know when traveling to another country it is very difficult to communicate with someone, especial if one does not speak the language at all. It would even more difficult in communicating with someone if the only medium of communication was by phone, text, email or webcam only. This brings me to the peer review cases that I read, in that they all mention the difficulties in communicating with different cultures and how they overcame those obstacles. The obstacles in dealing with time zone differences, having a culture understanding and motivating the group(s). It is very obvious that when communicating and working with people from very different cultures it hinders projects due dates and mistakes are made because of†¦show more content†¦The one good outcome of knowing all the information up front and sharing it with others is that it will build up trust within the group(s). Zaugg et al. 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The Medical Influence Of The American Medical Association

I am writing out of concern that the medical influence of our southern neighbour - the US - is gaining ground in our country. The American Medical Association, in particular, aims to influence our doctors towards changing how we do medicine in Canada. The recent annual Halifax meeting last August 23 to 26, for instance, conducted under the leadership of the Canadian Medical Association, has an 80,000 member group ready to lobby for mandatory vaccinations (Mihalovic n.p.). If their influence among legislators is strong enough, they can eventually force parents to vaccinate their children in order to access educational institutions. In history, only three provinces had mandatory requirements for vaccines, Ontario, Manitoba and New Brunswick. Nonetheless, proponents for mandatory vaccination believe that it should be done on a local scale. 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Social Workers And Social Work Essay - 1239 Words

Many people in society do not seem to recognize how important social workers are.From jails to hospitals, social workers are needed in every setting. I may not have a lot of experience being a social worker but I believe that this program will help me become one. My goal in entering the social work profession is to use the experiences I have been through to help others. I am motivated by the desire to help others as well as the desire to change their world. Social workers are often the front line for protecting children and families from harm. Because the social work profession is so diverse it gives me an opportunity to work with different populations. When I complete my masters I would like to work in many the fields if possible to get different experiences. The homeless population is an area that I strongly want to focus on. I have a strong desire to help the homeless population because I feel that many individuals in society seem to just ignore them. 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Self and Imagination in Romanticism Free Essays

The Romantic era is denoted by an extensive questioning and expression of challenging notions building on the convictions of the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment challenged the Christian Orthodoxy which had dominated Europe for 1,000 years. Romanticism proposed an exploration of self, emphasising the primacy of the individual and a vision of humankind animated by the imagination, endorsing a reverence and personal connection to nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Self and Imagination in Romanticism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The set texts Fancy and Ode to a Nightingale explore a world created by imagination, emphasising the importance of reflection and sustaining a relationship with nature. Northanger Abbey however, examines the interplay between reason and imagination. The related text Thanatopsis possesses tropes of Dark Romanticism, depicting humanity’s curiosity of the supernatural whilst Beethoven’s works analyse the expression of intense emotion and nature as a moral force. A propensity for self analysis and introspection is a feature of Romanticism. This notion gained impetus as a response to the Neo-Classicist belief that humans were created as social beings, designed to conform to the status quo and abide by tradition. As well as a defiance against social duty and personal discipline, an emphasis on the individual came about as a result of anti-establishmentism. Closely connected to the Romantics’ rejection of the artificial was a growing opposition to established institutions such as the monarchy and the Church. Paul Brians, an American Scholar stated â€Å"The idea that the best path to faith is through individual choice, the idea that the government exists to serve individuals who have created it†¦ are products of the Romantic celebration of the individual at the expense of society and tradition. Social conventions and acceptable barometers of behaviour are questioned through the responders’ identification with protagonists who are marginalised or ‘different’. This is seen through the characterisation of Emily Bronte’s, Heathcliff and Mary Shelley’s, Monster. Romantic ideologues, in contrast to Neo-Classicists, valued the solitary state and the uniq ue qualities of an individual’s mind rather than the outer social world. Romanticism encouraged the creative exploration of the inner self and praised unconventionality. Such focus is shown through the continual use of first-person lyrical poems. This technique is prevalent in Keats’ works, particularly in his poem Ode to a Nightingale. Keats questions â€Å"Do I wake or sleep? † – his proclivity toward direct voice accentuates the importance of self reflection and moulds reader response. Keats describes the archetypal outsider – an obsessive, egocentric man of extremes who is disenchanted with life. These periods of deep introspection highlight the importance placed on feelings and creative contemplation. For the Romantics, objective outlook is inundated by a new focus on the individual and the subconscious. The Romantic emphasis on introspection and imaginative reflection is critiqued in Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey through the characterisation of the protagonist, Catherine Morland. Catherine is described as an atypical Gothic heroine -â€Å"No one who had ever seen Catherine Morland in her infancy, would have supposed her to be born an heroine† – and through her reflections and fanciful Gothic delusions, the composer highlights how imaginings hinder personal growth and objective outlook. Through dramatic irony, Austen derides these fantasies and demonstrates how they conflict with everyday realities. The composer suggests that a love for Gothic literature, or the supernatural – found in the contemporary texts of her time as a Romantic concept – contributes to impaired judgment and unworldliness. Through the growth of the antagonists in her story, Austen describes social pretension and unlike the concerns of Gothic literature, tells of a natural evil rather than the bizarre, macabre story lines of Gothic texts. Austen criticises the notion of the supernatural, but reinforces the Romantic ideal that personal freedom is of more importance than complying with social mores as depicted in the expulsion of Catherine from the Abbey. The scene of General Tilney’s dismissal of Catherine uncovers a dark, secretive side of human psychology, parallel to the villainous figures in Gothic novels, particularly Radcliffian works. Through plot development, Austen reveals that Gothic texts are an imaginative delineation of a mundane evil found within everyday society and hence, contribute to an understanding of the Romantic ideal of individualism. Romanticism fostered the idea that the ideal world that was conjured up by the imagination was more real than the material world and that the metaphysical or transcendental spiritual reality that was conjured by the senses and the imagination had more authenticity. Romantics believed that ‘Fancy’ was crucial to the expansion of the human mind and spirit. Keats frequently references the imagination as a source of elation and exhilaration, his poem Fancy focusing on how the creative power of the mind can enhance the human experience and impart immortality. She will bring, in spite of frost,/Beauties that the earth hath lost;† Keats implies that Fancy is a way of preserving feelings and periods, providing an escape from the bitterness of a Romantic ideologue’s reality. The philosopher Emmanuel Kant acknowledged imagination as the source of order and Friedrich Von Schelling argued that imagination had â€Å"a divine quality that was triggered by the generating power of the universe. † The divine was quintessential to Romantic ideology, Romantics striving for perfectibility which they felt was only achieved through nature. The height of imaginative experience is the concept of the sublime. Crucial to the full expression of imagination, the sublime was the cause of awe and terror. Nature’s rugged beauty and power was seen as both a source of jealousy and inspiration evident in William Cullen Bryant’s Thanatopsis. â€Å"The planets, all the infinite host of heaven,/Are shining on the sad abodes of death† describes nature as a transcendental force that surpasses the limitations of the superficial world. The importance of the sublime was stressed as a result of pantheism which saw nature as a powerful, untamed force to be worshipped. Pantheism came about as a response to deism and its rational view of the world as being ordered, possessing mechanistic patterns and laws. Deism supported the idea that social order was hierarchal and that human existence was divinely ordered and sanctioned. Romantics however, shared the belief that reality was organic and without any set order. Romanticism brought forward the idea that with Nature lay an ideal state, free from the artificial aspects and constraints of civilisation. To be alone in wild, lonely places was for the Romantics to be near to heaven. This is obvious in Beethoven’s works, particularly Moonlight Sonata, which is known to be a musical delineation of the night sky. Nature was described by the Romantics as innocent and virtuous, an entity that could not be tainted by the wrongs of humanity. In this way, Beethoven depicts the morality of nature through his delicate harmonies and the employment of adagio, creating a tone of gentleness. The composer uses the musical techniques of dolce and legato to pacify his audience. The Romantic idea that nature was a moral force and guideline was used by Beethoven to criticise the French Revolution. Beethoven’s 5th piano concerto, known as The Emperor, was a political statement inspired by the ideas of justice and freedom as a result of his disillusionment with Napoleon. The idea of liberation and independence was central to Romantic ideals, a notion which came about as a response to middle and lower-class oppression and society’s hindrance of self-expression. Through their interpretations, whether they literary or musical, Romantics found within nature a means of expressing themselves. The universe was seen as mysterious, ruled by hidden, dark and supernatural forces. This is evident in the prevalence of references to the Exotic and Gothic in Romantic texts. Keats’ La Belle Dame Sans Merci tells of a woman of supernatural beauty, describing her as â€Å"a faery’s child† implying the seductress is other-worldly. This fascination with the Exotic was a response to the novelty of international exploration. Romantics had an obsession with other cultures different either in time or distance: the old and the primitive (Keats’ Ode on a Grecian Urn a perfect example of how the ancient influenced Romantic texts through his frequent references to ancient Greece as he describes â€Å"Tempe or the dales of Arcady? †), Oriental, alien, vanished or Gothic. Following naturally from the Romantic interest with the old and exotic was an attraction to the supernatural and bizarre as seen in Gothicism. Gothicism was the preoccupation with the supernatural, influenced by a desire to defy the God-fearing Catholic Church. Examples of its relevance in Romantic texts can be seen in Bronte’s Wuthering Heights and Bryant’s Thanatopsis. Bronte writes of â€Å"spectres† whilst Bryant writes of â€Å"His favourite phantom† portraying the Romantic predilection to the paranormal. The complex concepts of self and imagination are analysed by the ideologues of the Romantic era through their subversion of the conventional measures of behaviour and their defiance against the traditional notions of the Enlightenment. These ideas formed the basis of the Romantic period and hence dominate Romantic texts. How to cite Self and Imagination in Romanticism, Essay examples

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Her Weakness Every girl wants to find Mr. Right but he usually appears in a girls life when she is independent and with her girlfriends having fun. Love is a feeling most humans crave for. It is natural for someone to want acceptance and comfort from another human being but sometimes love find its own way without any signs and it is a surprise. Being patient is a hard task to do but it will be worth it. Love will find its way and there is never an expiration date on love. Mary Jane, she was 17 years young nd wasnt looking for anyone special. She used to be naive and foolish when she fell for boys in her younger years of growing up. Back when Mary Jane was 13 years old, she was in middle school and had a lot of friends. It was a regular day at school she thought, but oh was she wrong. That day, a new student had transferred to her school and on the first day there he was in her history class, his name was Peter. She was working on her assignment when her teacher interrupted the class and announced, Class, we have a new student whos going to be with us for our 8th rade year! Mary Jane kept looking at Peter he thought he was so handsome. He sat in the back next to where she was sitting. All of a sudden, the teacher said that there is going to be a project due in two days and Peter was assigned to be in Mary Janes group. This is it, she thought. She can finally talk to this mystery guy and get to know him a lot more. So, she asked what his name was and he said, Peter, she said her name was Mary Jane. Slowly but surely they started to hang out at school and outside of school together. She introduced him to her friends and they accepted him Just as much as her. They were becoming so close to each other One day during school he asked Mary Jane if he could talk to her. Peter took her to somewhere quiet and stood in front of her and said, l really like you and I was wondering if you wanted to go out with me Shocked and Joyful as she was she didnt hesitate to exclaim, mies! Mary Jane and Peter were officially a couple. They went out and had their fun, but suddenly she realized that Peter is becoming really important to her nd she began to have mixed feelings for him. Peter was her best friend before everything else and she started worrying that their relationship would ruin their friendship. She didnt want to lose him or Jeopardize their friendship if their relationship ended sour. Mary Jane made her decision and ended it after a couple of weeks Time went by and they were still friends, but very distant after middle school and never really talked much. Mary Jane was currently in 1 lth grade in high school and so was Peter. She was at home in her room listening to music and rowsing on Facebook when surprisingly; Peter messaged her and asked her if she wanted to go to his prom with him. Prom?! Thats crazy she thought, He wanted to go with me? How strange, she thought. She messaged him back, yes. Prom was a month away and Mary Jane and Peter were preparing for the big day. Finally, the day came. Mary Jane left school early to get her hair and makeup done, dress on and ready to pick him up at his house. He came out and ner Jaw dropped, sne thought ne was the most handsome man she ever saw and he admitted that she looked beyond beautiful. They pulled in, got out of the car. Mary Jane was wearing a one strap red gown with black peep toe chunky heels and Peter was wearing a black tuxedo with a red bowtie. Peter grabbed Mary Janes hand and put the corsage he bought around her wrist. The corsage had white roses and babys breath surrounding the delicate flower, it was beautiful. She lifted her hand up to smell the flower, she slowly closed her eyes and opened them and saw him smiling at her. She pinned a red rose on his tuxedo to make everything complete. They walked in together and he introduced her o all of his friends and Mary Jane knew that tonight would be a night to remember. They ate delicious food, drank soda, water, and danced to all different kinds of music together. As all of this was happening, prom king and queen were about to be announced. Peter had run for prom king and Mary Jane whispered in his ear, l hope you win, that would be the craziest thing ever. Of course, Peter had won prom king, He was so popular. Now the prom king and the winning contestant for prom queen had to dance in the middle of the dance floor but Peter refused, got the microphone nd said, The only girl I want to dance with is with my girl, and my queen is over there. Peter pointed to Mary Jane and her face turned as red as a tomato. They had a solo dance while everyone was watching, he put the crown on her head and pulled her body close to his and all you hear is the crowd, Awmnaw. . So much fun took place that night, and it made Mary Jane think twice about her feelings toward Peter. She knew that she still liked Peter and her feelings are true towards him since middle school. He made her feel like his queen that night and the only place she wanted to e is where he was . Eventually, they got much closer than their middle school days together; they are grown up and are perfectly imperfect with each other. Peter and Mary Janes feelings for each other grow each day they get to hang out. He is her spiderman and she is his weakness. Mary Jane wasnt looking for anyone but someone very special was there all along. Time and patience made them reunite once more. Happiness and Mr. Right will find its way; there is never an expiration date on happiness not for Peter and Mary Jane, not for anyone wanting bliss. He was now her weakness, her paradise.